Works fine on X Window System for years, you asked, here you go. Will probably not work on Wayland, I haven’t tried. Tell me about it if you use it.
For the record, the script asks you to click on a window and then it starts recording it in slow frames per second with audio from the default device. Stop with Ctrl+C and then hit ENTER to merge audio+video into a single WebM stream suitable for youtube.com.
#!/bin/bash
NAME=screencast-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M)
FPS=10
THREADS=7
echo "Click the window to capture and get ready!"
tmpfile=/tmp/screengrab.tmp.$$
trap 'touch $tmpfile; rm -f $tmpfile' 0
xwininfo > $tmpfile 2>/dev/null
left=$(grep 'Absolute upper-left X:' $tmpfile | awk '{print $4}');
top=$(grep 'Absolute upper-left Y:' $tmpfile | awk '{print $4}');
width=$(grep 'Width:' $tmpfile | awk '{print $2}');
height=$(grep 'Height:' $tmpfile | awk '{print $2}');
geom="-geometry ${width}x${height}+${left}+${top}"
echo "Geometry: ${geom}"
size="${width}x${height}"
pos="${left},${top}"
echo "pos=$pos size=$size"
ffmpeg -y -f pulse -ac 2 -i default -f x11grab -r $FPS -s $size -i ${DISPLAY-0:0}+${pos} -acodec pcm_s16le $NAME-temp.wav -an -vcodec libx264 -preset ultrafast -threads 0 $NAME-temp.mp4
echo Merge audio+video and encode to webm for YouTube? && read
ffmpeg -i $NAME-temp.mp4 -i $NAME-temp.wav -acodec libvorbis -ab 128k -ac 2 -vcodec libvpx -threads $THREADS $NAME.webm
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